Telecinesia

A psicocinese ("movimento mental"), telecinesia[1][2][3][4] ("movimento à distância") ou psi-kappa[5] descreve o suposto fenômeno ou capacidade de uma pessoa movimentar, manipular, abalar ou exercer força sobre um sistema físico sem interação física, apenas usando a mente.[6][7][8] O termo psicocinese foi criado em 1914 pelo autor estadunidense Henry Holt e popularizado pelo parapsicólogo estadunidense J.B. Rhine nos anos 30.[9][10][11][12][13] Já o termo telecinesia foi criado em 1890 pelo parapsicólogo russo Alexandre Aksakof.[14]

Historicamente, tem-se questionado e criticado a telecinesia pelo fato de não ser empiricamente demonstrável, apontando-se como principais falhas a falta de controle e de repetibilidade dos experimentos, dois pilares do método científico. Por consenso na comunidade científica, a telecinesia é tida como uma pseudociência,[15] apesar de ser defendida como autêntica por estudiosos da parapsicologia,[16] ela própria considerada uma pseudociência.[17][18][19][20]

Animação demonstrando como ocorreria a telecinesia
  1. Definição de telecinesia. Dicionário Caldas Aulete.
  2. Definição de telecinesia. Dicionário Priberam.
  3. Definição de telecinesia. Dicionário Michaelis.
  4. Definição de telecinesia. Dicionário Infopédia.
  5. Irwin, Harvey J. (2007). An Introduction to Parapsychology. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company 
  6. Random House (12 de julho de 2005). Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. Boston, Massachusetts: Random House Reference. p. 1560. ISBN 978-0-375-42599-8. OCLC 48010385. psycho-, a combining form representing psyche in compound words. ... (Gk, comb. form of psyche breath, spirit, soul, mind; akin to psycheim to blow). 
  7. Erin McKean, [principal editor]., ed. (8 de abril de 2005). The New Oxford American Dictionary. New York City: Oxford University Press. p. 1367. ISBN 978-0-19-517077-1. OCLC 123434455. psycho. comb. form relating to the mind or psychology: . . . from Greek psukhe breath, soul, mind. 
  8. http://www.priberam.pt/dlpo/psicocinese
  9. Frederick C. Mish (2005). Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, Eleventh Edition. Springfield, Massachusetts, USA: Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. p. 1004. ISBN 978-0-87779-809-5. OCLC 146761465. Psychokinesis (1914).... 
  10. «Parapsychology Foundation "Basic terms in Parapsychology"». Consultado em 22 de dezembro de 2006. Arquivado do original em 28 de agosto de 2011 
  11. Holt, Henry (1914). On the Cosmic Relations (PDF). Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Houghton Mifflin Company / Riverside Press. Consultado em 13 de dezembro de 2007 
  12. Spence, Lewis (1 de fevereiro de 2003). Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology. [S.l.]: Kessinger Publishing (reprint publisher). pp. 752–753, 879, 912, 933. ISBN 978-0-7661-2817-0 
  13. Psychokinesis. William James Bookstore (online). Página visitada em 06/09/2014.
  14. Myers, Frederic William Henry (December 1890). Proceedings. London, England: Journal of the Society for Psychical Research. "For the alleged movements without contact... M. Aksakof's new word 'telekinetic' seems to me the best attainable." Nota: está citação também pode ser vista na pág. 722 ido "Oxford English Dictionary, 2ª edição", 1989, Clarendon Press, Oxford, England, ISBN 978-0-19-861229-2
    • Harold E. Puthoff, "Report on Investigations Into 'Exceptional Human Body Function' in the People's Republic of China," in W. G. Roll, J. Beloff & R. White (eds.), Research in Parapsychology 1982. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow press, 1983. pp. 275-278.
    • Chinese Academy of Sciences, "Exceptional Human Body Radiation," Psi Research, 1(2), 1982, 16-25.
    • Carroll B. Nash, "Test of Psychokinetic Control of Bacterial Mutation," Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 78, 1984, 145-152.
    • Helmut Schmidt, Robert L. Morris & Luther Rudolph. "Chaneling Evidence for a PK Effect to Independent Observers," Journal of Parapsychology, 1986, 50, 1-16
    • Robert G. Jahn, Brenda J. Dunne & Roger D. Nelson, "Engineering Anomalies Research," Journal of Scientific Exploration, 1(1), 1987, 21-50
    • J. E. Alcock. A Comprehensive Review of Major Empirical Studies in Parapsychology Involving Random Event Generators or Remote Viewing. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1988.
    • Roger D. Nelson, G. John Bradish & York H. Dobyns, Random Event Generator Qualification, Calibration, and Analysis. Technical Note PEAR 89001. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University School of Engineering/Applied Sciences, 1989.
    • DI Radin and RD Nelson. Evidence for consciousness-related anomalies in random physical sistems. Foundations of Physics 19 :12 (1989), 1499–1514.
    • Brenda J. Dunne, Robert G. Jahn. Consciousness and Anomalous Physical Phenomena (1995). Technical Note 95004, Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Princeton University. of the Subjective.
    • Radin, Dean; Nelson, Roger; Dobyns, York; Houtkooper, Joop. Reexamining psychokinesis: Comment on Bösch, Steinkamp, and Boller (2006). Psychological Bulletin, Vol 132(4), Jul 2006, 529-532.
  15. Sven Ove Hansson (18 de maio de 2015). «Science and Pseudo-Science». Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (em inglês) 
  16. Gross, Paul R; Levitt, Norman; Lewis, Martin W (1996), The Flight from Science and Reason, ISBN 978-0801856761, New York Academy of Sciences, p. 565, The overwhelming majority of scientists consider parapsychology, by whatever name, to be pseudoscience. 
  17. Friedlander, Michael W (1998), At the Fringes of Science, ISBN 0-8133-2200-6, Westview Press, p. 119, Parapsychology has failed to gain general scientific acceptance even for its improved methods and claimed successes, and it is still treated with a lopsided ambivalence among the scientific community. Most scientists write it off as pseudoscience unworthy of their time. 
  18. Pigliucci, Massimo; Boudry, Maarten (2013), Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem, ISBN 978-0-226-05196-3, University Of Chicago Press, p. 158, Many observers refer to the field as a 'pseudoscience'. When mainstream scientists say that the field of parapsychology is not scientific, they mean that no satisfying naturalistic cause-and-effect explanation for these supposed effects has yet been proposed and that the field's experiments cannot be consistently replicated. 

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