French Republic République française (French) | |
---|---|
Motto: "Liberté, égalité, fraternité" | |
![]() Territory o the French Republic (reid) Claimed territory (Adélie Laund; hatched) | |
![]() Location o metropolitan Fraunce (dark green) – on the European continent (green & dark grey) | |
Caipital and largest city | Paris 48°51.4′N 2°21.05′E / 48.8567°N 2.35083°E |
Offeecial leid an naitional leid | French[upper-roman 1] |
Ethnic groups | |
Releegion | |
Demonym(s) | French |
Govrenment | Unitary semi‑presidential republic |
• Preses | Emmanuel Macron |
Gabriel Attal | |
Gérard Larcher | |
Yaël Braun-Pivet | |
Legislatur | Pairlament |
Senate | |
Naitional Assembly | |
Establishment | |
• Francia unified | 486 |
August 843 | |
22 September 1792 | |
1 Januar 1958 | |
4 October 1958 | |
Aurie | |
• Total | 643,801 km2 (248,573 sq mi)[upper-roman 5][3] (41st) |
551,695 km2[upper-roman 6] (50t) 213,010 sq mi | |
543,940.9 km2[upper-roman 7][4] (50t) 210,026 sq mi | |
Population | |
• Tot 2017 estimate | 66,991,000[5] (20t) |
• Metropolitan Fraunce Januar 2017 estimate | 64,859,000[5] (22nt) |
• Density | 116/km2 (300.4/sq mi)[upper-roman 8] (89t) |
GDP (PPP) | 2015 estimate |
• Total | $2.647 trillion (10t) |
• Per capita | $41,181[6] (24t) |
GDP (nominal) | 2015 estimate |
• Tot | $2.422 trillion (6t) |
• Per capita | $37,675[6] (20t) |
Gini (2013) | 30.1[7] medium |
HDI (2015) | ![]() verra heich · 21st |
Currency | |
Time zone | UTC+1 (CET[upper-roman 11]) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST[upper-roman 12]) |
Date format | dd/mm/yyyy |
Drivin side | right |
Cawin code | +33[upper-roman 13] |
ISO 3166 code | FR |
Internet TLD | .fr[upper-roman 14] |
Fraunce (French: France, [fʁɑ̃s]), offeecially the French Republic (République française, [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a kintra wi territory in wastren Europe an several owerseas regions an territories.[upper-roman 15] The European, or metropolitan, aurie o Fraunce stends frae the Mediterranean Sea tae the Inglis Channel an the North Sea, an frae the Rhine tae the Atlantic Ocean. Owerseas Fraunce include French Guiana on the Sooth American continent an siveral island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific an Indie oceans. Fraunce spans 643,801 square kilometre (248,573 sq mi)[3] an haed a tot population o awmaist 67 million fowk as o Januar 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic wi the caipital in Paris, the kintra's lairgest ceety an main cultural an commercial centre. Ither major urban centres include Marseille[upper-roman 16], Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse an Bordeaux.
In the Airn Age, the Gauls, a Celtic fowk, dwallt i whit is nou metropolitan Fraunce. The aurie wis annexed in 51 BC bi Roum, whilk held Gaul till 486, whan the Germanic Franks conquered the region an formed the Kinrick o Fraunce. Fraunce emerged as a major European pouer in the Late Middle Ages, wi its veectory in the Hunder Years' War (1337 tae 1453) strenthenin state-biggin an poleetical centralisation. Durin the Renaissance, French cultur flourisht and a global colonial empire wis estaiblisht, whilk bi the 20t century wad be the seicont lairgest in the warld.[9] The 16t century wis dominatit bi releegious ceevil wars atween Catholics an Protestants (Huguenots). Fraunce acame Europe's dominant cultural, poleetical, an militar power unner Louis XIV.[10] In the late 18t century, the French Revolution owerthrew the absolute monarchy, established ane o modren history's earliest republics, an saw the draftin o the Declaration o the Richts o Man an o the Ceetizen, whilk expresses the naition's ideals tae this day.
In the 19t century Napoleon teuk pouer an estaiblisht the First French Empire, whase subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the coorse o continental Europe. Follaein the collapse o the Empire, Fraunce endured a tumultuous succession o govrenments culminatin wi the establishment o the French Third Republic in 1870. Fraunce wis a major pairteecipant in the First Warld War, frae whilk it emerged victorious, an wis ane o the Allied Pouers in the Seicont Warld War, but cam unner occupation bi the Axis Pouers in 1940. Follaein leeberation in 1944, a Fowert Republic wis established an later dissolved in the coorse o the Algerian War. The Fift Republic, led bi Charles de Gaulle, wis formed in 1958 an remeens tae this day. Algerie an nearly aw the ither colonies acame independent in the 1960s wi minimal controversy an teepically reteened close economic an militar connections wi Fraunce.
Fraunce haes lang been a global centre o airt, science, an filosofie. It hosts Europe's fowerth-lairgest nummer o cultural UNESCO Warld Heritage Steids an receives aroond 83 million foreign tourists annually, the maist o ony kintra in the warld.[11] Fraunce is a developit kintra wi the warld's saxt-lairgest economy bi nominal GDP[12] an nint-lairgest bi purchasin pouer parity.[13] In terms o aggregate hoosehauld wealth, it ranks fowert in the warld.[14] Fraunce performs weel in internaitional rankins o eddication, heal care, life expectancy, an human development.[15][16] Fraunce remeens a great pouer in the warld,[17] bein ane o the five permanent members o the Unitit Naitions Security Cooncil wi the pouer tae veto an an offeecial nuclear-wappen state. It's a leadin member state o the European Union an the Eurozone.[18] It is a member o the Group o 7, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Organisation for Economic Co-operation an Development (OECD), the Warld Tred Organisation (WTO), an La Francophonie an aa.
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"In euro and USD terms, the total wealth of French households is very sizeable. Although it has just 1% of the world's adults, France ranks fourth among nations in aggregate household wealth – behind China and just ahead of Germany. Europe as a whole accounts for 35% of the individuals in the global top 1%, but France itself contributes a quarter of the European contingent.