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Unitit States

For the landmass comprisin North an Sooth Americae, see America. For ither uisses, see America (disambiguation).
Unitit States o Americae

Inglis: the United States
Motto: 
"E pluribus unum" (Laitin) (tradeetional)
"Oot o mony, ane"
Projection o North Americae wi the Unitit States in green
CaipitalWashington, D.C.
38°53′N 77°01′W / 38.883°N 77.017°W / 38.883; -77.017
Lairgest ceetyNew York Ceety
Offeecial leidsNone at federal level[a]
Naitional leidInglis[b]
Demonym(s)American
GovrenmentFederal presidential constitutional republic
• Preses
Joe Biden (D)
Kamala Harris (D)
Mike Johnson (R)
John Roberts
LegislaturCongress
Senate
Hoose o Representatives
Unthirldom 
• Declared
Julie 4, 1776
September 3, 1783
Juin 21, 1788
Aurie
• Total
9,826,675 km2 (3,794,100 sq mi)[4][c] (3rd/4th)
• Water (%)
6.76
Population
• 2020 census
Neutral increase 331,449,281[5] (3rd)
• Density
87/sq mi (33.6/km2) (146t)
GDP (PPP)2021 estimate
• Total
Increase $22.940 trillion[6] (2nt)
• Per capita
Increase $69,375[6] (8t)
GDP (nominal)2021 estimate
• Tot
Increase $22.940 trillion[6] (1st)
• Per capita
Increase $69,375[6] (5t)
Gini (2020)negative increase 48.5[7]
heich
HDI (2019)Increase 0.926[8]
verra heich · 17t
CurrencyUnitit States dollar ($) (USD)
Time zoneUTC−5 to −10
• Summer (DST)
UTC−4 to −10[e]
Drivin sidericht[g]
Cawin code+1
ISO 3166 codeUS
Internet TLD.us   .gov   .mil   .edu
  1. ^ Inglish is the offeecial leid o at least 28 states; some soorces gie heicher figurs, based on differin defineetions o "offeecial".[9] Inglish an Hawaiian are baith offeecial leids in the state o Hawaii.
  2. ^ Inglis is the de facto leid o American govrenment an the sole leid spoken at home bi 80 percent o Americans aged five an aulder. Spainyie is the seicont maist commonly spoken leid.
  3. ^ Whether the Unitit States or Cheenae is lairger haes been disputit. The figur gien is frae the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency's The Warld Factbeuk. Ither soorces gie smawer figurs. Aw authoritative calculations o the kintra's size include anly the 50 states an the Destrict o Columbia, nae the territories.
  4. ^ The population estimate is o fowk whose uisual residence is within the 50 states an the Destrict o Columbia, regardless o naitionality. It daes nae include those livin in the territories (ower 4 million fowk, maistly in Puerto Rico).
  5. ^ See Time in the Unitit States for details aboot laws govrenin time zones in the Unitit States.
  6. ^ Daes nae include insular auries an Unitit States Minor Ootlyin Islands, which hae thair ain ISO 3166 codes.
  7. ^ Except U.S. Virgin Islands.
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A pictur o the lawer 48 states Americae.

The Unitit States o Americae (Inglis: United States of America), commonly referred tae as the Unitit States (Inglis: United States, U.S.) or Americae (Inglis: America) or in navajo (Navajo leid Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí), is a constitutional federal republic componed o 50 states, a federal destrict, five main sel-govrening territories, an ither possessions.[fn 1] Forty-aicht o the fifty states an the federal destrict border each ither an locatit in North Americae atween Canadae an Mexico. The state o Alaska is in the northwast neuk o North Americae, bordered bi Canadae tae the east an athort the Bering Strait frae Roushie tae the wast. The state o Hawaii is an airchipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U.S. territories are scattered aboot the Paceefic Ocean an the Caribbean Sea. Nine time zones are covered. The geografie, climate an wildlife o the kintra are extremely diverse.[12]

At 3.8 million squerr miles (9.8 million km2)[13] an wi ower 324 million fowk, the Unitit States is the warld's fowert-lairgest kintra bi tot aurie (an fowerth-mucklest bi laund aurie)[fn 2] an the third-maist populous. It is ane o the warld's maist ethnically diverse an multicultural naitions, an is hame tae the warld's mucklest nummer o immigrant fowk.[18] Urbanisation climbed tae oweer 80% in 2010 an leads tae growin megaregions. The kintra's caipital is Washington, D.C. an its mucklest ceety is New York Ceety; the ither major metropolitan auries, aw wi aroond five million or mair indwallers, are Los Angeles, Chicago, San Francisco, Boston, Dallas, Philadelphia, Houston, Miami, an Atlanta.

Paleo-Indians migrated frae Asie tae the North American mainland at least 15,000 year ago.[19] European colonisation began in the 16t century. The Unitit States emerged frae 13 Breetish colonies alang the East Coast. Mony disputes atween Great Breetain an the colonies in the eftermath o the Seiven Years' War led tae the American Revolution, whilk began in 1775. On Julie 4, 1776, as the colonies war fichtin Great Breetain in the American Revolutionary War, delegates frae the 13 colonies unanimously adoptit the Declaration o Unthirldom. The war endit in 1783 wi recogneetion o the unthirldom o the Unitit States bi Great Breetain, an wis the first successfu war o unthirldom against a European colonial empire.[20] The current constitution wis adoptit in 1788, efter the Airticles o Confederation, adoptit in 1781, war felt tae hae providit inadequate federal pouers. The first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill o Richts, war ratified in 1791 an designed tae guarantee mony fundamental ceevil liberties.

The Unitit States gaed on a vigorous expansion athort North Americae throuoot the 19t century,[21] displacin American Indian tribes, acquirin new territories, an gradually admittin new states till it spanned the continent in 1848.[21] During the seicont hauf o the 19t century, the American Ceevil War led tae the end o legal slavery in the kintra.[22][23] Bi the end o that century, the Unitit States extendit intae the Pacific Ocean,[24] an its economy, driven in muckle pairt bi the Industrial Revolution, began tae growe a lot.[25] The Spaingie–American War an Warld War I confirmed the kintra's status as a global militar pouer. The Unitit States emerged frae Warld War II as a global superpouer, the first kintra tae develop nuclear wappens, the anly kintra tae uise them in warfare, an a permanent member o the Unitit Naitions Security Cooncil. It is a foondin member o the Organisation o American States (OAS) an various ither Pan-American an internaitional organisations. The end o the Cauld War an the end o the Soviet Union in 1991 left the Unitit States as the warld's sole superpouer.[26]

The Unitit States is a heichly developed kintra, wi the warld's mucklest economy bi nominal GDP. It ranks heichly in several meisurs o socioeconomic performance, includin average wage,[27] human development, per capita GDP, an productivity per person.[28] While the U.S. economy is considered post-industrial, chairacterised bi the dominance o services an knawledge economy, the manufacturin sector remains the seicont-mucklest in the warld.[29] Tho its population is anly 4.3% o the warld tot,[30] the Unitit States accoonts for nearly a quarter o warld GDP[31] an ower a third o global militar spendin,[32] makkin it the warld's foremaist economic an militar pouer. The Unitit States is a prominent poleetical an cultural force internaitionally, an a leader in scienteefic resairch an technological innovations.[33]

  1. ↑ 36 U.S.C. § 302 National motto
  2. ↑ Simonson, 2010
  3. ↑ Dept. of Treasury, 2011
  4. ↑ "United States". The World Factbook. CIA. September 30, 2009. Archived frae the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved January 5, 2010 (area given in square kilometers). Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  5. ↑ "Census Bureau's 2020 Population Count". United States Census. Retrieved 26 Apryle 2021. The 2020 census is as of April 1, 2020.
  6. ↑ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2021". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 13 October 2021.
  7. ↑ "Income inequality in America is the highest it's been since Census Bureau started tracking it, data shows". The Washington Post. Retrieved 27 Julie 2020.
  8. ↑ "Human Development Report 2020: The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene" (PDF) (in Inglis). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  9. ↑ Feder, Jody (25 Januar 2007). "English as the Official Language of the United States: Legal Background and Analysis of Legislation in the 110th Congress" (PDF). Ilw.com (Congressional Research Service). Retrieved 19 Juin 2007.
  10. ↑ "Ecological Footprint Atlas 2010" (PDF). Global Footprint Network. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 9 Julie 2011. Retrieved 11 Julie 2011.
  11. ↑ U.S. State Department, Common Core Document to U.N. Committee on Human Rights, December 30, 2011, Item 22, 27, 80.— an U.S. General Accounting Office Report, U.S. Insular Areas: application of the U.S. Constitution Archived 2020-02-29 at the Wayback Machine, November 1997, p. 1, 6, 39n. Both viewed April 6, 2016.
  12. ↑ "Wildlife Library". National Wildlife Federation. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  13. ↑ "State and other areas", U.S. Census Bureau, MAF/TIGER database as of August 2010, excluding the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands. viewed October 22, 2014.
  14. ↑ "China". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 31 Januar 2010.
  15. ↑ "United States". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 31 Januar 2010.
  16. ↑ "United States". CIA. Archived frae the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 10 Juin 2016.
  17. ↑ "China". CIA. Archived frae the original on 13 October 2016. Retrieved 10 Juin 2016.
  18. ↑ Adams, J.Q.; Strother-Adams, Pearlie (2001). Dealing with Diversity. Chicago: Kendall/Hunt. ISBN 0-7872-8145-X.
  19. ↑ Maugh II, Thomas H. (12 Julie 2012). "Who was first? New info on North America's earliest residents". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles County, California: Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 25 Februar 2015.
    "What is the earliest evidence of the peopling of North and South America?". Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History. Juin 2004. Archived frae the original on 28 November 2007. Retrieved 19 Juin 2007.
    Kudeba, Nicolas (28 Februar 2014). "Chapter 1 – The First Big Steppe – Aboriginal Canadian History". The History of Canada Podcast. Archived frae the original on 1 Mairch 2014. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
    Guy Gugliotta (Februar 2013). "When Did Humans Come to the Americas?". Smithsonian Magazine. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 25 Juin 2015.
  20. ↑ Greene, Jack P.; Pole, J.R., eds. (2008). A Companion to the American Revolution. pp. 352–361.
    Bender, Thomas (2006). A Nation Among Nations: America's Place in World History. New York: Hill & Wang. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-8090-7235-4.
    "Overview of the Early National Period". Digital History. University of Houston. 2014. Retrieved 25 Februar 2015.
  21. ↑ a b Carlisle, Rodney P.; Golson, J. Geoffrey (2007). Manifest Destiny and the Expansion of America. Turning Points in History Series. ABC-CLIO. p. 238. ISBN 978-1-85109-833-0.
  22. ↑ "The Civil War and emancipation 1861–1865". Africans in America. Boston, Massachusetts: WGBH Educational Foundation. 1999. Archived frae the original on 12 October 1999.
  23. ↑ Britannica Educational Publishing (2009). Wallenfeldt, Jeffrey H. (ed.). The American Civil War and Reconstruction: People, Politics, and Power. America at War. Rosen Publishing Group. p. 264. ISBN 978-1-61530-045-7.
  24. ↑ White, Donald W. (1996). "1: The Frontiers". The American Century. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-05721-0. Retrieved 26 Mairch 2013.
  25. ↑ "Work in the Late 19th Century". Library of Congress. Retrieved 16 Januar 2015.
  26. ↑ Tony Judt; Denis Lacorne (4 Juin 2005). With Us Or Against Us: Studies in Global Anti-Americanism. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-4039-8085-4.
    Richard J. Samuels (21 December 2005). Encyclopedia of United States National Security. SAGE Publications. p. 666. ISBN 978-1-4522-6535-3.
    Paul R. Pillar (1 Januar 2001). Terrorism and U.S. Foreign Policy. Brookings Institution Press. p. 57. ISBN 0-8157-0004-0.
    Gabe T. Wang (1 Januar 2006). China and the Taiwan Issue: Impending War at Taiwan Strait. University Press of America. p. 179. ISBN 978-0-7618-3434-2.
    Understanding the "Victory Disease," From the Little Bighorn to Mogadishu and Beyond. DIANE Publishing. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-4289-1052-2.
    Akis Kalaitzidis; Gregory W. Streich (2011). U.S. Foreign Policy: A Documentary and Reference Guide. ABC-CLIO. p. 313. ISBN 978-0-313-38375-5.
  27. ↑ "Average annual wages, 2013 USD PPPs and 2013 constant prices". OECD. Retrieved 30 Apryle 2016.
  28. ↑ "U.S. Workers World's Most Productive". CBS News. 11 Februar 2009. Retrieved 23 Apryle 2013.
  29. ↑ "Manufacturing, value added (current US$)". World Bank Open Data. World Bank. Retrieved 11 Februar 2017.
  30. ↑ "U.S. and World Population Clock". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 11 Julie 2016.
  31. ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2015".
  32. ↑ "Trends in world military expenditure, 2013". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Apryle 2014. Archived frae the original on 4 Januar 2015. Retrieved 14 Apryle 2014.
  33. ↑ Cohen, 2004: History and the Hyperpower
    BBC, April 2008: Country Profile: United States of America
    "Geographical trends of research output". Research Trends. Archived frae the original on 17 Mairch 2014. Retrieved 16 Mairch 2014.
    "The top 20 countries for scientific output". Open Access Week. Archived frae the original on 17 Mairch 2014. Retrieved 16 Mairch 2014.
    "Granted patents". European Patent Office. Retrieved 16 Mairch 2014.


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