Back Eorl of Normandige ANG دوق نورماندي Arabic Duged Normandi Breton Duc de Normandia Catalan Normanniske hertugrække Danish Herzog der Normandie German Δούκας της Νορμανδίας Greek Duke of Normandy English Duque de Normandía Spanish دوک نورماندی Persian
The title Duke of Normandy was given to the rulers of the duchy of Normandy.[a] This fief was created in 911 by Charles the Simple King of France for Rollo, a leader of Northmen.[2] In 1066 the seventh duke, William II, became King William I of England.[b] The title of Duke of Normandy was held by the Kings of England until Henry III gave up the title by treaty in 1259.[3] King John had lost mainland Normandy in 1204, and kept only the Channel Islands.[4] Today the Channel Islands are a British Crown dependency.[5]
In 1660 when King Charles II was restored to the throne, the King of France, Louis XIV, created Charles' brother James Duke of Normandy, probably as a show of support for monarchy and to stop Charles claiming the title himself.
- ↑ François Neveux, The Normans; The Conquests that Changed the Face of Europe, trans. Howard Curtis (London: Constable & Robinson Ltd., 2008), p. 69
- ↑ David C. Douglas, William the Conqueror; The Norman Impact upon England (Berkeley; Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1964), p. 16
- ↑ John Le Patourel, Feudal empires: Norman and Plantagenet (London: Hambledon Press, 1984), p. 200
- ↑ W L Warren, King John (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978), p. 99
- ↑ The World Factbook 2010, prepared by the Central Intelligence Agency (Washington, DC: Potomac Books, Inc., 2010), p. 327
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