Hephthalites

The Hephthalites (Template:Lang-xbc),^[1] sometimes called the White Huns (also known as the White Hunas, in Iranian as the Spet Xyon and in Sanskrit as the Sveta-huna),^[2][3] were a people who lived in Central Asia during the 5th to 8th centuries CE, part of the larger group of the Iranian Huns.^[4][5] They formed an empire, the Imperial Hephthalites, and were militarily important from 450 CE, when they defeated the Kidarites, to 560 CE, when combined forces from the First Turkic Khaganate and the Sasanian Empire defeated them.^[6][7] After 560 CE, they established "principalities" in the area of Tokharistan, under the suzerainty of the Western Turks (in the areas north of the Oxus) and of the Sasanian Empire (in the areas south of the Oxus), before the Tokhara Yabghus took over in 625.^[7]

1. ↑ Dani, Litvinsky & Zamir Safi 1996, p. 177. sfn error: no target: CITEREFDaniLitvinskyZamir_Safi1996 (help)
2. ↑ Dignas, Beate; Winter, Engelbert (2007). Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity: Neighbours and Rivals. Cambridge University Press. p. 97. ISBN 978-0-521-84925-8.
3. ↑ Goldsworthy, Adrian (2009). The Fall of the West: The Death Of The Roman Superpower. Orion. ISBN 978-0-297-85760-0.
4. ↑ Rezakhani, Khodadad (April 25, 2014). "Hephthalites". Iranologie.com. Retrieved October 5, 2023.
5. ↑ Schottky, Martin (2020-08-20), "HUNS", Encyclopaedia Iranica Online, Brill, retrieved 2023-10-05
6. ↑ Cite error: The named reference CB484 was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page).
7. ↑ ^{7.0 7.1} Rezakhani 2017a, p. 208. sfn error: no target: CITEREFRezakhani2017a (help)