Julius Caesar

Julius Caesar
The Tusculum portrait, possibly the only surviving sculpture of Caesar made during his lifetime. Archaeological Museum, Turin, Italy
Dictator of the Roman Empire
In office October 49 BC – 15 March 44 BC
Lieutenant	Marcus Antonius Marcus Aemilius Lepidus Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus
Preceded by	Sulla (82/81–81 BC; as previous Dictator)
Succeeded by	Augustus (27 BC – AD 14; as Roman emperor)
Consul of the Roman Republic
In office 1 January 44 BC – 15 March 44 BC Serving with Mark Antony
Preceded by	C. Caninius Rebilus (Suffect) Gaius Trebonius (Suffect)
Succeeded by	P. Cornelius Dolabella (Suffect) Mark Antony
In office 1 January 46 BC – September 45 BC Serving with M. Aemilius Lepidus (46 BC)
Preceded by	Q. Fufius Calenus Publius Vatinius
Succeeded by	Q. Fabius Maximus (Suffect) Gaius Trebonius (Suffect)
In office 1 January 48 BC – 1 January 47 BC Serving with P. Servilius Vatia Isauricus
Preceded by	C. Claudius Marcellus Maior L. Cornelius Lentulus Crus
Succeeded by	Q. Fufius Calenus Publius Vatinius
In office 1 January 59 BC – 1 January 58 BC Serving with Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus
Preceded by	Q. Caecilius Metellus Celer Lucius Afranius
Succeeded by	L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus Aulus Gabinius
Personal details
Born	Gaius Julius Caesar 12 July 100 BC Rome, Italia, Roman Republic
Died	15 March 44 BC (aged 55) Rome
Cause of death	Multiple stab wounds
Resting place	Temple of Caesar, Rome
Political party	Populares
Spouse(s)	Cornelia (84–69 BC; her death) Pompeia (67–61 BC; divorced) Calpurnia (59–44 BC; his death)
Children	Julia Caesarion Augustus (adoptive)
Parents	Gaius Julius Caesar and Aurelia Cotta

Gaius Julius Caesar (12 July 100 BC^[1] – 15 March 44 BC) was a military commander, politician and author at the end of the Roman Republic.^[2][3]

Caesar became a member of the First Triumvirate. When that broke up, he fought a civil war against Pompey the Great. Winning the war, Caesar became Roman dictator until his death.

On March 15, 44 BC, he was stabbed to death by a group of senators on the Ides of March before a meeting of the Senate at the Curia of Pompey (the Theatre of Pompey) in Rome.

Caesar is considered by many historians to be one of the greatest military commanders.^[4] His surname is a synonym for "Emperor"; the title "Caesar" was used throughout the Roman Empire, giving rise to modern descendants such as "Kaiser" in German, "Tsar" in the Slavonic languages, and "Qayṣar" in the languages of the Islamic world.^[5]

1. ↑ The date of his birth is controversial. His 'official' birthday was on the 12th. [1]
2. ↑ Fully, Caius Iulius Caii filius Caii nepos Caesar Imperator ("Gaius Julius Caesar, son of Gaius, grandson of Gaius, Imperator"). Official name after deification in 42 BC: Divus Iulius ("The Divine Julius").
3. ↑ Robinson Jr., C.A. (May 1964). "Introduction". Selections from Greek and Roman historians. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. pp. xxix.
4. ↑ Tucker, Spencer (2010). Battles That Changed History: An Encyclopedia of World Conflict. ABC-CLIO. p. 68. ISBN 978-1-59884-430-6.
5. ↑ https://www.britannica.com/biography/Julius-Caesar-Roman-ruler