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Names | |||
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Preferred IUPAC name
Propane[1] | |||
Systematic IUPAC name
Tricarbane (never recommended[1]) | |||
Identifiers | |||
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3D model (JSmol)
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Beilstein Reference | 1730718 | ||
ChEBI | |||
ChEMBL | |||
ChemSpider | |||
ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.753 | ||
EC Number |
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E number | E944 (glazing agents, ...) | ||
Gmelin Reference | 25044 | ||
KEGG | |||
PubChem CID
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RTECS number |
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UNII | |||
UN number | 1978 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties[3] | |||
C3H8 | |||
Molar mass | 44.10 g·mol−1 | ||
Appearance | Colorless gas | ||
Odor | Odorless | ||
Density | 2.0098 kg/m3 (at 0 °C, 101.3 kPa) | ||
Melting point | −187.7 °C; −305.8 °F; 85.5 K | ||
Boiling point | −42.25 to −42.04 °C; −44.05 to −43.67 °F; 230.90 to 231.11 K | ||
47 mg⋅L−1 (at 0 °C) | |||
log P | 2.236 | ||
Vapor pressure | 853.16 kPa (at 21.1 °C (70.0 °F)) | ||
kH | 15 nmol⋅Pa−1⋅kg−1 | ||
Conjugate acid | Propanium | ||
−40.5 × 10−6 cm3/mol | |||
0.083 D[2] | |||
Thermochemistry | |||
Std enthalpy of formation ΔfH |
−105.2–104.2 kJ⋅mol−1 | ||
Std enthalpy of combustion ΔcH |
−2.2197–2.2187 MJ⋅mol−1 | ||
Specific heat capacity, C | 73.60 J⋅K−1⋅mol−1 | ||
Hazards | |||
NFPA 704 |
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Explosive limits | 2.37–9.5% | ||
U.S. Permissible exposure limit (PEL) |
TWA 1000 ppm (1800 mg/m3)[4] | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
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Infobox references | |||
Propane is an organic compound with the chemical formula C
3H
8. It is an alkane with three carbon atoms. It is used in fuels.
It begins to burn very quickly. Its melting temperature is −187.7 °C; its boiling temperature is −42 °C; its density is 1.83 g/l.
Propane is extracted from natural gasoline or from petroleum.
Similarly, the retained names 'ethane', 'propane', and 'butane' were never replaced by systematic names 'dicarbane', 'tricarbane', and 'tetracarbane' as recommended for analogues of silane, 'disilane'; phosphane, 'triphosphane'; and sulfane, 'tetrasulfane'.
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