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Ribosomes are important cell organelles. They are micromolecular machines that make proteins. They do this through RNA translation, building proteins from amino acids using messenger RNA as a template. Ribosomes are found in all living cells, prokaryotes as well as eukaryotes.
Ribosomes are made of two parts: the large and small subunits. Each subunit is made of a mixture of protein and rRNA that are made in the nucleolus of a cell. After being made, ribosomes move from the nuclear envelope to the cytoplasm. Most ribosomes sit on the endoplasmic reticulum, but are also found throughout the cytoplasm.
Human cells can have up to 10 million ribosomes in every cell. In order to create each ribosome, cells have many copies of rRNA genes. In humans, about 400 rRNA genes are inherited across five chromosomes.[1][2]
- ↑ Carey, Nessa 2015. Junk DNA: A journey through the dark matter of the genome, p149. Icon Books ISBN 978-1-84831-826-7
- ↑ Zentner G.E. et al July 2011. Nucleic Acid Research 39(12) 4949–4960.