Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Ratified on February 3, 1913, the Sixteenth Amendment (Amendment XVI) to the United States Constitution allows the Congress to impose a federal income tax.[1] This allows the federal government to collect a tax on personal income, no matter where that income came from.[a] The Sixteenth Amendment overturned the 1895 Supreme Court landmark decision in Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.[3] In Pollock, the Court ruled that a 2 percent tax on incomes over $4,000 was unconstitutional.[3] This was because the law the ruling struck down did not allow for apportionment,[b] the court ruled against it.[3] The Sixteenth Amendment allowed Congress to levy a uniform direct income tax without being subject to apportionment.

  1. "16th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Federal Income Tax (1913)". OurDocuments.gov. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Steve Hargreaves (7 March 2013). "Dealt some drugs? Stole some cash? There's a line on your income tax form to declare it". CNN Money. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Sixteenth Amendment". The Free Dictionary/Farlex. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
  4. Harry Hubbard, 'The Sixteenth Amendment', Harvard Law Review, Vol. 33, No. 6 (Apr., 1920), p. 794
  5. 5.0 5.1 W. C. J., 'Constitutional Law: Income Tax: Sixteenth Amendment', California Law Review, Vol. 4, No. 4 (May, 1916), pp. 334–335


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