Taliban fighters, during the 2021 offensive
Alternate variant of the Taliban's flag with a white background and green text
The Taliban is a Sunni Islamist organization and militant group operating in Afghanistan . The group formed the government of Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001 and took military control of most of Afghanistan again in August 2021. Since the Fall of Kabul on 15 August 2021, the Taliban again has full control of Afghanistan.
↑ Giustozzi, Antonio (2009). Decoding the new Taliban: insights from the Afghan field . Columbia University Press. p. 249 . ISBN 978-0-231-70112-9 .
↑ Clements, Frank A. (2003). Conflict in Afghanistan: An Encyclopedia (Roots of Modern Conflict) . ABC-CLIO. p. 219 . ISBN 978-1-85109-402-8 .
↑ Bezhan, Frud (15 June 2016). "Ethnic Minorities Are Fueling the Taliban's Expansion in Afghanistan" . Foreign Policy . Retrieved 26 August 2021 .
↑ "The Non-Pashtun Taleban of the North: A case study from Badakhshan – Afghanistan Analysts Network" . Afghanistan-Analysts.org . 3 January 2017. Retrieved 21 January 2018 .
↑ 5.0 5.1 Deobandi Islam: The Religion of the Taliban U.S. Navy Chaplain Corps, 15 October 2001
↑ Maley, William (2001). Fundamentalism Reborn? Afghanistan and the Taliban . C Hurst & Co. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-85065-360-8 .
↑ "Taliban – Oxford Islamic Studies Online" . www.oxfordislamicstudies.com . Archived from the original on 12 August 2014.
↑ Cite error: The named reference Whine 54–72
was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page ).
↑ Maley, William (1998). Fundamentalism Reborn?: Afghanistan and the Taliban . Hurst. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-85065-360-8 .
↑ 10.0 10.1 Cite error: The named reference Stanford
was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the help page ).
↑ Ogata, Sadako N. (2005). The Turbulent Decade: Confronting the Refugee Crises of the 1990s . W. W. Norton & Company. p. 286 . ISBN 978-0-393-05773-7 .
↑ Gopal, Anand (2016). "The Combined and Uneven Development of Afghan Nationalism" . Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism . 16 (3): 478–492. doi :10.1111/sena.12206 . ISSN 1473-8481 .
↑ Rashid, Taliban (2000)
↑ "Why are Customary Pashtun Laws and Ethics Causes for Concern? | Center for Strategic and International Studies" . Csis.org. 19 October 2010. Archived from the original on 9 November 2010. Retrieved 18 August 2014 .
↑ "Understanding taliban through the prism of Pashtunwali code" . CF2R. 30 November 2013. Archived from the original on 10 August 2014. Retrieved 18 August 2014 .
↑ D. Metcalf, Barbara. " "Traditionalist" Islamic Activism: Deoband, Tablighis, and Talibs" . Social Science Research Council. Retrieved 1 November 2001 .
↑ Michal Onderčo (2008). "How fundamentalists rule a country Traditionalism and modernity in the Taliban's rule" (PDF) . Slovenská politologická revue . 3 : 154–158.
↑ "Taliban and the Northern Alliance" . US Gov Info . About.com. Archived from the original on 1 January 2016. Retrieved 26 November 2009 .
↑ 9/11 seven years later: US 'safe,' South Asia in turmoil Archived 10 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved 24 August 2010.
↑ Hamilton, Fiona; Coates, Sam; Savage, Michael (3 March 2010). "MajorGeneral Richard Barrons puts Taleban fighter numbers at 36000" . The Times . London.
↑ "Despite Massive Taliban Death Toll No Drop in Insurgency" . Voice of America. Archived from the original on 3 July 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2014 .
↑ "Afghanistan's Security Forces Versus the Taliban: A Net Assessment" . Combating Terrorism Center at West Point . 14 January 2021. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2021 .
↑ "Remarks by President Biden on the Drawdown of U.S. Forces in Afghanistan" . The White House . 8 July 2021. Archived from the original on 8 July 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021 .
↑ "Taliban Sweep in Afghanistan Follows Years of U.S. Miscalculations" . The New York Times . 14 August 2021. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021 .
↑ "Taliban's Afghanistan takeover raises big questions for U.S. security chiefs" . NBC News. 16 August 2021. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021 .
↑ "Islamic Emirate: Over 130,000 Soldiers Recruited" . Tolo News . Retrieved 15 May 2022 .
↑ Roggio, Bill, "Influential Taliban commander pledges to new emir ", The Long War Journal , 22 August 2016.
↑ Multiple Sources:
↑ Multiple Sources:
↑ Multiple Sources:
↑ Giraldo, Jeanne K. (2007). Terrorism Financing and State Responses: A Comparative Perspective . Stanford University Press. p. 96 . ISBN 978-0-8047-5566-5 . Pakistan provided military support, including arms, ammunition, fuel, and military advisers, to the Taliban through its Directorate for Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI)
↑ "Pakistan's support of the Taliban" . Human Rights Watch. 2000. Of all the foreign powers involved in efforts to sustain and manipulate the ongoing fighting [in Afghanistan], Pakistan is distinguished both by the sweep of its objectives and the scale of its efforts, which include soliciting funding for the Taliban, bankrolling Taliban operations, providing diplomatic support as the Taliban's virtual emissaries abroad, arranging training for Taliban fighters, recruiting skilled and unskilled manpower to serve in Taliban armies, planning and directing offensives, providing and facilitating shipments of ammunition and fuel, and ... directly providing combat support.
↑ Multiple Sources:
↑ 34.0 34.1 "Why did Saudi Arabia and Qatar, allies of the US, continue to fund the Taliban after the 2001 war?" . scroll.in . 22 December 2017. Retrieved 19 April 2018 .
↑ Multiple Sources:
↑ Ramani, Samuel. "What's Behind Saudi Arabia's Turn Away From the Taliban?" . The Diplomat .
↑ "Turkmenistan Takes a Chance on the Taliban" . Stratfor . Archived from the original on 8 December 2019.
↑ Guelke, Adrian (2006). Terrorism and Global Disorder . Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-1-85043-803-8 . Retrieved 15 August 2012 – via Google Libros.
↑ Are Chechens in Afghanistan? – By Nabi Abdullaev, 14 December 2001 Moscow Times Archived 7 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine
↑ Ali M Latifi (28 October 2022). "Afghanistan: Taliban uses Hamas meeting to send a message to the Muslim world" . Middle East Eye.
↑ "Pakistan, Afghanistan show support to Palestine, calls for "cessation of hostilities" " . The Economic Times . 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023 .
↑ "Why Central Asian states want peace with the Taliban" . DW News . 27 March 2018. 'Taliban have assured Russia and Central Asian countries that it would not allow any group, including the IMU, to use Afghan soil against any foreign state,' Muzhdah said.
↑ Roggio, Bill; Weiss, Caleb (14 June 2016). "Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan faction emerges after group's collapse" . Long War Journal . Retrieved 6 August 2017 .
↑ "Afghan militant fighters 'may join Islamic State' " . BBC News . 2 September 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2017 .
↑ "Afghanistan: Ghani, Hekmatyar sign peace deal" . Al Jazeera. 29 September 2016.
↑ "ISIS Violence Dents Taliban Claims Of Safer Afghanistan" . NDTV.com . 9 November 2021.
↑ 47.0 47.1 "Watch: in Pakistan Jaish-e-Muhammed & Lashkar-e-taiba rallies to celebrate Taliban takeover in Afghanistan" . YouTube . Retrieved 23 August 2021 .
↑ Stephen, Tankel (2010). "Lashkar-e-Taiba in Perspective" . Foreign Policy .
↑ Katz, Rita (13 September 2021). "The Taliban's Victory Is Al Qaeda's Victory" .
↑ "Taliban denies knowledge of al-Zawahiri's presence in Kabul, with some members blaming its Haqqani faction" . CBS news. 4 August 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2023 .
↑ "طالبان تاجیکستان اعلام موجودیت کرد! – خبرآنلاین" . www.khabaronline.ir (in Persian). Retrieved 2 August 2022 .
↑ "Tajikistan Faces Threat from Tajik Taliban" . www.cacianalyst.org . Retrieved 6 May 2023 . Incidentally, the Taliban regime has denied the existence of the TTT…
↑ "The Curious Case of Masood Azhar's Disappearance" . The diplomat. Retrieved 4 April 2023 .
↑ "Taliban's Retort To Pakistan: Jaish Chief Masood Azhar With You, Not Us" . NDTV.com . Retrieved 6 April 2023 .
↑ Roggio, Bill (12 July 2021). "Taliban advances as U.S. completes withdrawal" . FDD's Long War Journal . Archived from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2021 .
↑ Tom Wheeldon (18 August 2021). "Pakistan cheers Taliban out of 'fear of India' – despite spillover threat" . France 24 . The Afghan militants' closeness to Pakistani jihadist group Tehrik-e-Taliban (TTP or, simply, the Pakistani Taliban) is a particular source of concern. The TTP have carried out scores of deadly attacks since their inception in the 2000s, including the infamous 2014 Peshawar school massacre. The Taliban and the TTP are "two faces of the same coin", Pakistani Army Chief General Qamar Javed Bajwa and ISI boss Lieutenant General Faiz Hameed acknowledged at an off-the-record briefing in July. Indeed, the Taliban reportedly freed a senior TTP commander earlier this month during their sweep through Afghanistan. "Pakistan definitely worries about the galvanising effects the Taliban's victory will have on other Islamist militants, and especially the TTP, which was already resurging before the Taliban marched into Kabul," Michael Kugelman, a South Asia expert at the Wilson Center in Washington, DC, told France 24. "It's a fear across the establishment."
↑ "Afghan Taliban reject TTP claim of being a 'branch of IEA' " . 11 December 2021. Retrieved 11 December 2021 ."Afghan Taliban deny TTP part of movement, call on group to seek peace with Pakistan" . 11 December 2021.
↑ "Taliban attack NATO base in Afghanistan – Central & South Asia" . Al Jazeera. Retrieved 18 August 2014 .
↑ "Rare look at Afghan National Army's Taliban fight" . BBC News . Retrieved 18 August 2014 .
↑ "ISIS reportedly moves into Afghanistan, is even fighting Taliban" . 12 January 2015. Archived from the original on 13 February 2015. Retrieved 27 March 2015 .
↑ "ISIS, Taliban announced Jihad against each other" . The Khaama Press News Agency . 20 April 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2015 .
↑ "Taliban leader: allegiance to ISIS 'haram' " . Rudaw . 13 April 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2015 .
↑ "Taliban say gap narrowing in talks with US over Afghanistan troop withdrawal" . Military Times . 5 May 2019.
↑ Qazi, Shereena (9 November 2015). "Deadly Taliban infighting erupts in Afghanistan" . www.aljazeera.com .
↑ Jonson, Lena (2006). Tajikistan in the New Central Asia . Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-1-84511-293-6 . Archived from the original on 16 January 2016. Retrieved 17 December 2014 .
↑ "Currently listed entities" . Public Safety Canada (published 21 June 2019). 3 February 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021 .
↑ "List of terrorist and extremist organizations banned in Kyrgyzstan" . 24.kg . 5 April 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2020 .
↑ "Lists associated with Resolutions 1267/1989/2253 and 1988" . police.govt.nz . 1 August 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023 .
↑ Единый федеральный список организаций, признанных террористическими Верховным Судом Российской Федерации [Single federal list of organizations recognized as terrorist by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation]. Russian Federation National Anti-Terrorism Committee . Archived from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 20 April 2014 .
↑ "The list of terrorists and extremists" . National Bank of Tajikistan. Retrieved 3 March 2020 .
↑ "43 new designations specifically address threats posed by Qatar linked and based Al Qaida Terrorism Support Networks" . Emirates News Agency. 9 June 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2020 .
↑ "UAE, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Bahrain declare details of new terror designations" . Emirates News Agency. 25 July 2017. Retrieved 4 March 2020 .
↑ Haroon Rashid (2 October 2003). The 'university of holy war' , BBC Online .
↑ Mark Magnier (30 May 2009). Pakistan religious schools get scrutiny , Los Angeles Times .
↑ Tom Hussain (4 August 2015). "Mullah Omar worked as potato vendor to escape detection in Pakistan" . McClatchy news . Retrieved 11 October 2016 .
↑ Gunaratna, Rohan; Iqbal, Khuram (2012), Pakistan: Terrorism Ground Zero , Reaktion Books, p. 41, ISBN 978-1-78023-009-2