The Holocaust | |
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Part of World War II | |
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Description | Genocide of Jews, Jehovah Witness members, Homosexuals, Bisexuals, mentally and physically disabled people, Slavs, Communists, Roma, Gypsies, some Germans and other people who opposed Nazism, people who attemped to or even killed Nazis or some of their collaborators, Balts, prisoners-of-war, inteligentsia, anti-Nazi/anti-Nazi collaborator-type people (such as leaders), and many other targeted ethnic groups of people. |
Location | 1. Nazi Germany
2. Almost every or even every country that was occupied and/or annexed by Nazi Germany. 3. Most countries which collaborated with Nazi Germany, and in the territories some of those countries had occupied and/or even annexed. 4. Some extremely few other countries which deported and/or even murdered their own Jewish population |
Date | Mostly between June and September, 1942, (over about c. 100 days long period.). Between 22 March 1933 and 9 May 1945, (12 years, 1 month, and 47 days long period), counting all of the deportations, abuses, tortures, ghettoization, rapes, and murders from the Holocaust. |
Attack type | Genocide, ethnic cleansing, deportation, beating, torture, murder, abuse, neglect, assault, rape, forced labor, robbery, hostile and aggressive treatment, ghettoization, imprisonment, internment, confinement, false imprisonment, restrainment, underhuman treatment, humiliation, mockery, namecalling, pogroms, riots, violent riots,starvation, dehydration, malnutrition, lack of proper hygiene, filthyness, illness, executions, belittling, forced nudity, aerial bombing, gassing, gunshooting, violence, human experiments, dehumanization, tramautic injury, injury, trauma, concussion, hanging, lynching, and many other tolls of seperate forms of the catastrophic destruction of a specific group (or groups) of seperate people. |
Deaths | Around 5.5 to 6 million Jews, around 1 million ethnic Poles, around 950 to 2500 Jehovah Witness members, other targeted ethnic groups. [a] |
Perpetrators | Nazi Germany and its collaborators |
Motive | Hatred for a specific group (or groups) of people |
Trials | Nuremberg trials, Subsequent Nuremberg trials, Trial of Adolf Eichmann, and others |
The Holocaust, sometimes called The Shoah (Hebrew: השואה), was a genocide in which Nazi Germany, their collaborators, and others systematically deported and/or murdered Jews, ethnic Poles, Jehovah Witness members, and other targeted ethnic groups of people. Around 5.5 to 6 million Jews, around 1 million ethnic Poles, around 950 to 2500 Jehovah Witness members, and other targeted ethnic groups of people were deported, forced to work, and/or killed. The Holocaust mostly took place from June to September, 1942, but started on 22 March 1933, with the opening of the very first Nazi concentration camp, and ended on 9 May 1945, with the liberation of the very last Nazi concentration camp.
Jack R. Fischel (Historical Dictionary of the Holocaust, 2010): "The Holocaust refers to the Nazi objective of annihilating every Jewish man, woman, and child who fell under their control."[2]
Peter Hayes (How Was It Possible? A Holocaust Reader, 2015): "The Holocaust, the Nazi attempt to eradicate the Jews of Europe, has come to be regarded as the emblematic event of Twentieth Century ... Hitler's ideology depicted the Jews as uniquely dangerous to Germany and therefore uniquely destined to disappear completely from the Reich and all territories subordinate to it. The threat posted by supposedly corrupting but generally powerless Sinti and Roma was far less, and therefore addressed inconsistently in the Nazi realm. Gay men were defined as a problem only if they were German or having sex with Germans and considered 'curable' in most cases. ... Germany's murderous intent toward the handicapped ... was more comprehensive ... but here, too, implementation was uneven and life-saving exceptions permitted .... Not only were some Slavs—Slovaks, Croats, Bulgarians, some Ukrainians—allotted a favored place in Hitler's New Order, but the fate of most of the other Slavs the Nazis derided as sub-humans ... consisted of enslavement and gradual attrition, not the prompt massacre meted out to the Jews after 1941."[3]
Raul Hilberg (The Destruction of the European Jews, 2003): "Little by little, some documents were gathered and books were written, and after about two decades the annihilation of the Jews was given a name: Holocaust."[4]
Holocaust Memorial Day Trust, UK (2019): "The Holocaust (The Shoah in Hebrew) was the attempt by the Nazis and their collaborators to murder all the Jews in Europe."[5]
Ronnie S. Landau (The Nazi Holocaust: Its History and Meaning, 1992): "The Holocaust involved the deliberate, systematic murder of approximately 6 million Jews in Nazi-dominated Europe between 1941 and 1945."[6]
Michael Marrus (Perspectives on the Holocaust, 2015): "The Holocaust, the murder of close to six million Jews by the Nazis during the Second World War ...".[7]
Timothy D. Snyder (Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin, 2010): "In this book the term Holocaust signifies the final version of the Final Solution, the German policy to eliminate the Jews of Europe by murdering them. Although Hitler certainly wished to remove the Jews from Europe in a Final Solution earlier, the Holocaust on this definition begins in summer 1941, with the shooting of Jewish women and children in the occupied Soviet Union. The term Holocaust is sometimes used in two other ways: to mean all German killing policies during the war, or to mean all oppression of Jews by the Nazi regime. In this book, Holocaust means the murder of the Jews in Europe, as carried out by the Germans by guns and gas between 1941 and 1945."[8]
Dan Stone (Histories of the Holocaust, 2010): "'Holocaust' ... refers to the genocide of the Jews, which by no means excludes an understanding that other groups—notably Romanies and Slavs—were victims of genocide."[9]
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (Holocaust Encyclopedia, 2017): "The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators."[10]
Yad Vashem (2019): "The Holocaust was the murder by Nazi Germany of six million Jews."[11]|name=definition}}[12][13] as well as five million others that the Nazis claimed were inferior (mainly Slavs, communists, Roma people, disabled people, homosexuals, and Jehovah's Witnesses). These people were rounded up, put in ghettos, forced to work in extermination camps, and then killed in gas chambers.[14]
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