| Thongalen (/thong-ngaa-len/) | |
|---|---|
King of the Underworld God of the Dead | |
| Member of Lainingthous | |
 | |
| Other names |
|
| Meitei | |
| Affiliation | Meitei mythology (Manipuri mythology) and Meitei religion (Sanamahism) |
| Abode | Underworld (Meitei: Khamnung) |
| Texts | |
| Gender | Male |
| Region | Ancient Kangleipak (Antique Manipur) |
| Ethnic group | Meitei ethnicity |
| Festivals | Lai Haraoba |
| Personal information | |
| Consorts | |
| Siblings | Poireiton |
| Greek equivalent | Hades |
| Roman equivalent | Pluto |
| Hinduism equivalent | Yama[1][2] |
Thongalen (also Thongalel, Thongaren or Thongarel) is the god of the dead and the king of the underworld (Meitei: Khamnung) in Meitei mythology and religion. He is worshipped by the people in Ancient Kangleipak (Antique Manipur).[3][4][5][6][7][8][9] He is the Guardian God of the nadir.[10] He is the ancestor-God of the Khuman clan of Meitei people.[11] Laikhurembi and Lainaotabi are his wives.[12]
The Pakhangba Nonggarol (Old Manipuri: Pakhangpa Nongkalol) says the God of death is called "Leinung Thongarel" (Old Manipuri: Leinung Thongalel).[13]
- ↑ Elangbam Nilakanta (1982). Aspects of Indian Culture. Jawaharlal Nehru Manipur Dance Academy.
- ↑ Glimpses of Manipuri Language, Literature, and Culture - Page 19 - 1970
- ↑ Neelabi, sairem (2006). Laiyingthou Lairemmasinggee Waree Seengbul (in Manipuri). p. 174.
- ↑ Mehrotra, Deepti Priya (2009-07-08). Burning Bright Irom Sharmila. Penguin UK. ISBN 978-81-8475-153-6.
- ↑ The North Eastern Geographer. North East India Geographical Society. 1980.
- ↑ Medieval Indian Literature: An Anthology. Sahitya Akademi. 1997. p. 385. ISBN 9788126003655.
- ↑ Contributions to Southeast Asian Ethnography. Board of Editors, Contributions to Southeast Asian Ethnography. 1982.
- ↑ Singh, Wahengbam Ibohal (1986). The History of Manipur: An early period. Manipur Commercial Company.
- ↑ Commission, India Indian Historical Records (1976). Proceedings of the Meetings of the Session. Manager of Publications.
- ↑ Neelabi, sairem (2006). Laiyingthou Lairemmasinggee Waree Seengbul (in Manipuri). p. 181.
- ↑ Sanajaoba, Naorem (1988). Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization. Mittal Publications. ISBN 978-81-7099-853-2.
- ↑ Ray, Asok Kumar; Chakraborty, Satyabrata (2008). Society, Politics, and Development in North East India: Essays in Memory of Dr. Basudeb Datta Ray. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 978-81-8069-572-8.
- ↑ N.A (1959). MEDIEVAL INDIAN LITERATURE AN ANTHOLOGY VOL. 3. SAHITYA AKADEMI, NEW DELHI. p. 401.