Tunisia

Republic of Tunisia الجمهورية التونسية (Arabic) al-Jumhūrīyah at-Tūnisīyah République tunisienne (French)
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: حرية، كرامة، عدالة، نظام "Ḥurrīyah, Karāma, 'Adālah, Niẓām" "Freedom, Dignity, Justice, Order"[1]
Anthem: حماة الحمى "Humat al-Hima" (English: "Defenders of the Homeland")
Location of Tunisia in northern Africa
Capital and largest city	Tunis 36°49′N 10°11′E / 36.817°N 10.183°E / 36.817; 10.183
Official languages	Arabic[2]
Spoken languages	Tunisian Arabic[3] Berber[4][5][6][7] French (administrative, commercial and educational)
Ethnic groups	Arab-Berber 98%, European 1%, Jewish and other 1% [8][9]
Religion	Islam (official)[10]
Demonym(s)	Tunisian
Government	Unitary semi-presidential republic[11][12]
• President	Kais Saied
• Prime Minister	Ahmed Hachani
• Assembly Speaker	Ibrahim Bouderbala
Legislature	Assembly of the Representatives of the People
Establishment
• Ancient Carthage inaugurated	814 BC
• Vandal Kingdom inaugurated	435
• Aghlabids inaugurated	800
• Fatimid Caliphate inaugurated	909
• Zirid dynasty inaugurated	972
• Hafsid dynasty inaugurated	1207
• Husainid Dynasty inaugurated	15 July 1705
• Independence from France	20 March 1956
• Republic declared	25 July 1957
• 1987 Tunisian coup d'état	7 November 1987
• Revolution Day	14 January 2011
• 2nd republic declared	10 February 2014
Area
• Total	163,610 km2 (63,170 sq mi) (91st)
• Water (%)	5.04
Population
• 2020 estimate	11,708,370[13] (81st)
• Density	71.65/km2 (185.6/sq mi) (110th)
GDP (PPP)	2020 estimate
• Total	$159.707 billion[14]
• Per capita	$13,417[14]
GDP (nominal)	2020 estimate
• Total	$44.192 billion[14]
• Per capita	$3,713[14]
Gini (2017)	35.8[15] medium
HDI (2019)	0.740[16] high · 95th
Currency	Tunisian dinar (TND)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+216
ISO 3166 code	TN
Internet TLD	.tn .تونس[17]

Tunisia,^[a] officially the Republic of Tunisia,^[b][19] is a country in the Arab Maghreb in North Africa. Tunis is its capital.

1. ↑ "Tunisia Constitution, Article 4" (PDF). 26 January 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
2. ↑ "Tunisian Constitution, Article 1" (PDF). 26 January 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2014. Translation by the University of Bern: "Tunisia is a free State, independent and sovereign; its religion is the Islam, its language is Arabic, and its form is the Republic."
3. ↑ Arabic, Tunisian Spoken. Ethnologue (19 February 1999). Retrieved on 5 September 2015.
4. ↑ "Tamazight language". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 4 January 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
5. ↑ "Nawaat – Interview avec l' Association Tunisienne de Culture Amazighe". Nawaat.
6. ↑ Gabsi, Z. (2003). An outline of the Shilha (Berber) vernacular of Douiret (Southern Tunisia). PhD Thesis, Western Sydney University.
7. ↑ "Tunisian Amazigh and the Fight for Recognition – Tunisialive". Tunisialive. Archived from the original on 18 October 2011.
8. ↑ Fadhlaoui-Zid, Karima; Martinez-Cruz, Begoña; Khodjet-el-khil, Houssein; Mendizabal, Isabel; Benammar-Elgaaied, Amel; Comas, David (October 2011). "Genetic structure of Tunisian ethnic groups revealed by paternal lineages". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 146 (2): 271–280. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21581. PMID 21915847.
9. ↑ "Tunisia" (PDF). International Religious Freedom Report for 2011, United States Department of State – Bureau of Democracy Human Rights and Labor.
10. ↑ "The Constitution of the Tunisian Republic" (PDF). constitutionnet.org. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
11. ↑ Frosini, Justin; Biagi, Francesco (2014). Political and Constitutional Transitions in North Africa: Actors and Factors. Routledge. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-317-59745-2.
12. ↑ Choudhry, Sujit; Stacey, Richard (2014) "Semi-presidential government in Tunisia and Egypt" Archived 2016-02-02 at the Wayback Machine. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. Retrieved 7 January 2016.
13. ↑ "National Institute of Statistics-Tunisia". National Institute of Statistics-Tunisia. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
14. ↑ ^{14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3} "Tunisia". International Monetary Fund.
15. ↑ "GINI index". World Bank. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
16. ↑ Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343–346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
17. ↑ "Report on the Delegation of تونس". Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers. 2010. Archived from the original on 31 May 2012. Retrieved 8 November 2010.
18. ↑ Wells, John C. (2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.), Longman, ISBN 9781405881180
19. ↑ "Portal of the Presidency of the Government- Tunisia: government, administration, civil service, public services, regulations and legislation". Pm.gov.tn. Retrieved 2 November 2018.