Batas ni Coulomb

Ang batas ni Coulomb o batas na kabaligtarang kwadrado ni Coulomb ay isang batas ng pisika na naglalarawan ng elektrostatikong interaksiyon sa pagitan ng mga partikulong may kargang elektriko. Ito ay unang inilimbag noong 1785 ng pisikong Pranses na si Charles Augustin de Coulomb at mahalaga sa pagpapaunlad ng teoriya ng elektromagnetismo. Ang batas na ito ay nagsasaad na "ang pwersa ng atraksiyon o repulsiyon sa pagitan ng dalawang mga puntong karga ay direktang proporsiyonal sa produkto ng magnituto ng bawat karga at hindi direktang proporsiyal sa kwadrado ng distansiya sa pagitan ng mga ito."[1][2] Ang batas ni Coulomb ay mabigat na nasubukan at ang lahat ng mga obserbasyon ay umaayon sa batas na ito.

  1. In -- Coulomb (1785a) "Premier mémoire sur l’électricité et le magnétisme," Histoire de l’Académie Royale des Sciences, pages 569-577 -- Coulomb studied the repulsive force between bodies having electrical charges of the same sign:

    Page 574 : Il résulte donc de ces trois essais, que l'action répulsive que les deux balles électrifées de la même nature d'électricité exercent l'une sur l'autre, suit la raison inverse du carré des distances.

    Translation : It follows therefore from these three tests, that the repulsive force that the two balls -- [that were] electrified with the same kind of electricity -- exert on each other, follows the inverse proportion of the square of the distance.

    In -- Coulomb (1785b) "Second mémoire sur l’électricité et le magnétisme," Histoire de l’Académie Royale des Sciences, pages 578-611. -- Coulomb showed that oppositely charged bodies obey an inverse-square law of attraction.
  2. Other early investigators who suspected that the electrical force diminished with distance as the gravitational force did (i.e., as the inverse square of the distance) included Daniel Bernoulli (see: Abel Socin (1760) Acta Helvetica, vol. 4, pages 224-225.) and Alessandro Volta, both of whom measured the force between plates of a capacitor, and Aepinus who supposed the inverse-square law in 1758. See: J.L. Heilbron, Electricity in the 17th and 18th Centuries: A Study of Early Modern Physics (Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 1979), pages 460-462, and 464 (including footnote 44).

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