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Furosemide

"Lasix" redirects here. For the method of eye surgery, see LASIK.

Furosemide
Clinical data
Pronunciation/fjʊˈroʊsəˌmaɪd/
Trade namesLasix, Furoscix, others
Other namesFurosemide
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa682858
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: C
Routes of
administration		oral, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
  • UK: POM (Prescription only)
  • US: WARNING[1]Rx-only[2][3]
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability43–69%
Protein binding91–99%
Metabolismliver and kidney glucuronidation
Onset of action30 to 60 min (PO), 5 min (IV)[4]
Elimination half-lifeup to 100 minutes
ExcretionKidneys (66%), bile (33%)
Identifiers
  • 4-Chloro-2-[(furan-2-ylmethyl)amino]-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.000.185 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC12H11ClN2O5S
Molar mass330.74 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • o1cccc1CNc(cc2Cl)c(C(=O)O)cc2S(=O)(=O)N
  • InChI=1S/C12H11ClN2O5S/c13-9-5-10(15-6-7-2-1-3-20-7)8(12(16)17)4-11(9)21(14,18)19/h1-5,15H,6H2,(H,16,17)(H2,14,18,19) checkY
  • Key:ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)

Furosemide is a loop diuretic medication used to treat edema due to heart failure, liver scarring, or kidney disease.[4] It has had many trade names including Discoid, Frusemide, Lasix and Uremide. Furosemide may also be used for the treatment of high blood pressure.[4] It can be taken intravenously or orally.[4] When given intravenously, furosemide typically takes effect within five minutes; when taken orally, it typically metabolizes within an hour.[4]

Common side effects include orthostatic hypotension (decrease in blood pressure while standing, and associated lightheadedness), tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and photosensitivity (sensitivity to light).[4] Potentially serious side effects include electrolyte abnormalities, low blood pressure, and hearing loss.[4] It is recommended that serum electrolytes (especially potassium), serum CO2, creatinine, BUN levels, and liver and kidney functioning be monitored in patients taking furosemide. It is also recommended to be alert for the occurrence of any potential blood dyscrasias.[4] Furosemide is a type of loop diuretic that works by decreasing the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys.[4] Common side effects of furosemide injection include hypokalemia (low potassium level), hypotension (low blood pressure), and dizziness.[5]

Furosemide was patented in 1959 and approved for medical use in 1964.[6] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[7] In the United States, it is available as a generic medication.[4] In 2021, it was the 21st most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 26 million prescriptions.[8][9] In 2020/21 it was the twentieth most prescribed medication in England.[10] It is on the World Anti-Doping Agency's banned drug list due to concerns that it may mask other drugs.[11] It has also been used in race horses for the treatment and prevention of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage.[12][13]

  1. ^ "FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
  2. ^ "Lasix- furosemide tablet". DailyMed. 26 January 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
  3. ^ "Furoscix- furosemide injection 80 mg/ 10 ml injection". DailyMed. 21 October 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Furosemide". The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
  5. ^ "Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: December 22, 2020". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (Press release). 22 December 2020. Retrieved 22 December 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  6. ^ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 458. ISBN 9783527607495.
  7. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
  8. ^ "The Top 300 of 2021". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  9. ^ "Furosemide - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  10. ^ "PCA England". nhsbsa-opendata.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  11. ^ "WORLD ANTI-DOPING CODE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD PROHIBITED LIST 2022" (PDF). 2022. p. 12. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  12. ^ Sullivan S, Hinchcliff K (April 2015). "Update on exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage". The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice. 31 (1): 187–198. doi:10.1016/j.cveq.2014.11.011. PMID 25770069.
  13. ^ Hinchcliff KW, Couetil LL, Knight PK, Morley PS, Robinson NE, Sweeney CR, et al. (2015). "Exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses: American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus statement". Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 29 (3): 743–758. doi:10.1111/jvim.12593. PMC 4895427. PMID 25996660.
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