Gadaa

Gadaa (Oromo: Gadaa^[1]; n'ụzọ nkịtị: oge) bụ usoro ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke ụmụ amaala na-eji na Etiopia na ugwu Kenya.^[1] Ndị Konso na Gedeo nke ndịda Etiopia na-emekwa ya. Usoro a na-achịkwa ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụ na ụba, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na okpukpe nke obodo ahụ.^[2]

N'okpuru Gadaa, afọ asatọ ọ bụla, ndị Oromo ga-ahọrọ site na nkwekọrịta ndị isi itoolu a maara dị ka Salgan ya'ii Borana (mgbakọ Borana itoolu).^[3][4] Onye ndu ahọpụtara site na usoro gadaa na-anọgide na-achị naanị afọ 8, na ntuli aka na-ewere ọnọdụ na njedebe nke afọ 8 ndị ahụ.^[5][6][7] Mgbe ọ bụla Abbaa Gadaa nwụrụ mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ ya, bokkuu (ihe nnọchianya nke ike) na-agafe nwunye ya ma ọ na-edebe bokkuu ma kwupụta iwu.^[8]

UNESCO edeela usoro Gada dị ka ihe nketa ọdịbendị a na-apụghị ịhụ anya kemgbe afọ 2016.^[9] Ọ bụ echiche nke Oromo si na Madda Walabu district nke Oromia.^[10][11] Ndị Oromo weere usoro ahụ dị ka ihe nketa ha na dịka akụkụ dị mkpa nke ọdịbendị ha.^[12] Ọ bụ usoro nke ndị Oromo na-achị onwe ha n'ụzọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ.^[13][14]

Ndị Oromo chịrị onwe ha dịka usoro Gadaa si dị ogologo oge tupu narị afọ nke iri na isii, mgbe nnukwu agha atọ malitere n'etiti ha na Alaeze Ukwu Etiopia n'ebe ugwu ha na Adal Sultanate n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na ndịda ha. Ihe si na ya pụta bụ na ndị Oromo na-etinye aka na okpukpe Ndị Kraịst na Islam. Ndị otu Borana na Guji dị nso n'ókè Etiopia na Kenya nwere ike ịme Gadaa n'enweghị nkwụsịtụ. Na steeti Oromia n'okpuru usoro gọọmentị etiti nke Etiopia, usoro Gadaa malitere ịmaliteghachi n'ofe Oromia. N'afọ 2015, e meghere Gadaa Center na Odaa Bultum na n'afọ 2018, e weghachiri Gadaa Center dị na Odaa Hullee mgbe narị afọ abụọ nke nkwụsịtụ gasịrị.^[15][16] N'afọ 2019, Mahadum Bule Hora malitere mmemme nzere masta na ọmụmụ Gadaa.^[17]

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1} Gada system, an indigenous democratic socio-political system of the Oromo. unesco.org.
2. ↑ Gada system, an indigenous democratic socio-political system of the Oromo. unesco.org.
3. ↑ Galla, Candace (2012). "Sustaining generations of Indigenous voices: Reclaiming language and integrating multimedia technology". {World Indigenous Nations Higher Education Consortium Journal: 46–48. 
4. ↑ Tesema Ta'a (2006). The Political Economy of an African Society in Transformation: the Case of Macca Oromo (Ethiopia). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 26–27. ISBN 978-3-447-05419-5. 
5. ↑ John Ralph Willis (2005). Slaves and Slavery in Africa: Volume Two: The Servile Estate. Routledge, 122–127, 129–134, 137. ISBN 978-1-135-78017-3. 
6. ↑ John Ralph Willis (2005). Slaves and Slavery in Africa: Volume Two: The Servile Estate. Routledge, 128–134. ISBN 978-1-135-78016-6. 
7. ↑ Ira M. Lapidus (2014). A History of Islamic Societies. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-99150-6. 
8. ↑ The Gadaa System and Some of Its Institutions among the Booranaa: A Historical Perspective. ajol.info 91–92.
9. ↑ Gada system, an indigenous democratic socio-political system of the Oromo. unesco.org.
10. ↑ A heroic send-off for Aliyi Cirri, a pioneer Oromo freedom fighter whose courage and bravery inspired generations. www.opride.com (17 November 2017).
11. ↑ Historical Background. mwu.edu.et.
12. ↑ The Gada sysytem; full Dimocratical politics of Oromo;71stBorana BalliHand overing Day Febrawary 2009/20017:The Gada of Kura Jarso.. oromiatourism.gov.et. Archived from the original on 2021-04-18. Retrieved on 2023-06-14.
13. ↑ Gada System inscribed in UNESCO as Intangible World Heritage. ethiopianembassy.be.
14. ↑ Briefing: What is Oromo's Gada system?. hornaffairs.com (December 2016).
15. ↑ The 2015 Commemoration of Odaa-Bultum (One of the Major Oromo Gadaa System's Administrative Centers). Oromianeconomist.com.
16. ↑ A Journey to Revitalizing Gadaa at Odaa Hullee: Tracing Jimma University's Unwavering Commitment. ju.edu.et.
17. ↑ Bule Hora University Journey. bhu.edu.et. Archived from the original on 2020-06-01. Retrieved on 2023-06-14.